“Meditation refers to a family of techniques which have in common a conscious attempt to focus attention in a non-analytical way and an attempt not to dwell on discursive, ruminating thought.” (Shapiro, 1982)
Meditation was created thousands of years ago along with spirituality and religion. Mindfulness was created within the past century as a way to cope with everyday life in the modern Western world, and utilizes meditation concepts without the spiritual or religious component. One approach is not better than the other, and it is important to understand the difference in context.
Decreased anxiety & stress
Improved sleep
Improved concentration and attention
Improved memory and intelligence
Helpful with recovery: overcoming addiction and chemical dependency
Positive impact on blood pressure and hypertension
Effectiveness in aiding the treatment of disease
Alleviation of pain
A Few Examples:
breathing meditation
body scan meditation
mantra meditation
walking meditation
sound bath meditation
eating meditation
loving kindness meditation
guided visual meditation
smiling meditation
moving meditation, like yoga asana practice